Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History

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• Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History War
• Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Timeline
• Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Historical
• Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Museum

Table of Contents

• 493.1 Administrative History
• 493.2 General records 1942-45
• 493.3 Records of the U.S. Military Mission to China 1941-42
• 493.4 Records of Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, China-Burma-India (HQ USAF CBI) 1942-44
• 493.5 Records of Headquarters U.S. Forces, China Theater (HQ USF CT) 1941-46
• 493.6 Records of Headquarters U.S. Forces, India-Burma Theater (HQ USF IBT) 1942-46
• 493.7 Records of the U.S. Branch of Executive Headquarters 1946-47
• 493.8 Records of the Peiping headquarters Group 1946-47

493.1 Administrative History

Related Records:
Records of U.S. Army Service Forces (World War II), RG 160.
Records of Naval Operating Forces, RG 313.
Records of the Army Staff, RG 319.
Records of Allied Operational and Occupation Headquarters, World War II, RG 331.
Records of U.S. Theaters of War, World War II, RG 332.
Records of Interservice Agencies, RG 334.
Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter), RG 338.
Records of U.S. Air Force Commands, Activities, and Organizations, RG 342.

493.2 General Records
1942-45

Maps and Charts: Military situations, supply andtransportation routes, organization charts, topography, locationsof airfields, and defenses, primarily in China, Burma, Thailand,and India, 1942-45 (159 items).

493.3 Records of the U.S. Military Mission to China
1941-42

History: Commonly referred to as 'AMMISCA' ('American Mission toChina'). Established August 27, 1941, to facilitate lend-leaseaid to China. Headed by Brig. Gen. John Magruder. Functions andpersonnel absorbed by Headquarters American Army Forces, China,Burma, India (predecessor of U.S. Army Forces, China-Burma-India;see 493.4), by May 1942. Discontinued by September 1944.

Textual Records: Incoming weekly reports, September 1941-January1942. Outgoing messages, February-December 1942.

493.4 Records of Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, China-Burma-India (HQ USAF CBI)
1942-44

History: Headquarters American Army Forces, China, Burma, andIndia (HQ AAF CBI) established in Chungking, China, by GeneralOrder 1, HQ AAF CBI, March 4, 1942, pursuant to Secretary ofWar's appointment of Maj. Gen. Joseph W. Stilwell as CommandingGeneral of all U.S. Army forces in China, Burma, and India,conveyed in a Chief of Staff memorandum to the Adjutant General,WPD 4389-64, February 2, 1942. (By same memorandum, Gen. Stilwellwas appointed Republic of China army chief of staff.) By May1942, HQ AAF CBI had absorbed Chungking staff of U.S. MilitaryMission to China, commonly known as 'AMMISCA' ('American Missionto China'), established August 27, 1941, to facilitate lend-leaseaid to China. A second AAF CBI headquarters was established inNew Delhi, India, by letter of the Commanding General, June 25,1942, pursuant to War Department message 354, sent as CM-OUT5537, June 22, 1942, in effect instructing Gen. Stilwell toorganize a theater of operations staff. Thenceforth, the area ofoperations over which Gen. Stilwell had command of U.S. Armyforces was referred to as the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater.

By Letter of Instructions, HQ AAF CBI (Chungking), July 6, 1942,Chungking headquarters was designated HQ AAF CBI, and New Delhiheadquarters was designated Branch Office, HQ AAF CBI. To avoidconfusion with the Army Air Forces' acronym, 'AAF,' HQ AAF CBIwas redesignated HQ USAF CBI, by September 12, 1942. Status of HQUSAF CBI as a theater headquarters was confirmed by letter of theSecretary of War to the Commanding General, USAF CBI, AG 320.2(1-26-43) OB-I-GN-M, January 29, 1943. HQ AAF CBI redesignatedForward Echelon, HQ USAF CBI; and Branch Office, HQ AAF CBIredesignated Rear Echelon, HQ USAF CBI, effective April 1, 1944,by General Order 5, Forward Echelon, HQ USAF CBI, March 31, 1944,with Rear Echelon in charge of overall planning andadministration, and Forward Echelon responsible for liaison withChinese Government and execution of Rear Echelon directives toU.S. Army organizations in China.

Gen. Stilwell recalled by President Roosevelt, October 21, 1944,announced October 28, 1944. By War Department message WARX 52150,October 25, 1944, sent same date as CM-OUT 52150, CBI Theaterdivided, effective October 24, 1944, into China Theater (see 493.5) and India-Burma Theater (see 493.6).

Textual Records: Official, but personal, records of theCommanding General ('Eyes Alone' Correspondence'), February 28,1942-October 30, 1944, consisting of correspondence, memorandums,and messages, and including records relating to his relief fromcommand ('Oklahoma File'). Miscellaneous historical records, ca.1942-44. Decimal correspondence of the Y-Force Operations Staff,1942-44, documenting its mission to train and equip Chinese unitsconstituting Y-Force, and acting as liaison between HQ USAF CBIand those units. General records maintained by the AdjutantGeneral Section, 1942-44, including central decimalcorrespondence, incoming messages, and issuances. Circulars ofHeadquarters Rear Echelon, 1942-44. Records of the Services ofSupply (SOS), China-Burma-India, 1942-44, including anorganizational history, staff memorandums, SOS general orders,and general orders of Advance Section 1.

Microfilm Publications: M1419.

493.5 Records of Headquarters U.S. Forces, China Theater (HQUSF CT)
1941-46

History: See 493.4 for a history of predecessor HeadquartersU.S. Army Forces, China, Burma, and India. HQ USF CT establishedin Chungking by General Order 1, HQ USF CT, October 25, 1944,under command of Maj. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer, appointedeffective October 24, 1944. Moved to Shanghai, October 14, 1945.Abolished, effective May 1, 1946, by General Order 97, HQ USF CT,April 29, 1946, with residual functions transferred toHeadquarters U.S. Army Forces in China (HQ USAF China),established by General Order 1, May 1, 1946. HQ USAF Chinaabolished, effective July 1, 1946, by HQ USAF China message CFBX0346, June 28, 1946, received as CM-IN 6332, June 29, 1946.

Textual Records: Records of the Office of the Commanding General,1944-46. Records concerning the Command and General Staff Schoolat the Chinese Training Center, Kunming ('Col. Elbert Martin'sFiles'), 1944-45. General records maintained by the AdjutantGeneral Section, ca. 1944-46, including central correspondence,messages, daily bulletins and other issuances, and historicalnarratives. Records of the G-2 (Intelligence) Section, 1943-46,including records dealing with the Sino Translation andInterrogation Center. Records of the G-3 (Operations) Section,ca. 1944-46, consisting of general correspondence, and recordsrelating to personnel assignments. Records of the G-5 (CivilAffairs) Section, ca. 1944-46, including messages concerning therecovery of downed U.S. airmen and prisoners of war, 1945.Records, ca. 1944-46, of the following special staff sections:Interpreter Affairs, Lend-Lease, Ordnance, Provost Marshal,Quartermaster, Theater Planning, and Transportation. Records ofHeadquarters Rear Echelon, 1941-45, consisting of general recordsmaintained by the Adjutant General Section, and subject files ofthe Theater Psychological Warfare Officer. Records of general andspecial staff sections, and subordinate commands, of the Servicesof Supply (SOS), China Theater, 1942-45 (bulk 1944-45). Recordsof general and special staff sections of the joint Chinese-American Services of Supply for the Chinese Army, February-September 1945. Records of the following Chinese training andcombat commands under U.S. supervision: Z-Force Operations Staff,1943-44; and Chinese Combat Command (Provisional), 1943-45,including records of subordinate commands.

493.6 Records of Headquarters U.S. Forces, India-Burma Theater(HQ USF IBT)
1942-46

History: See 493.4 for a history of predecessor HeadquartersU.S. Army Forces, China, Burma, and India. HQ USF IBT establishedin New Delhi by General Order 1, HQ USF IBT, October 27, 1944,under command of Lt. Gen. Daniel I. Sultan, appointed effectiveOctober 24, 1944. Responsible for U.S. forces in India, Ceylon,Burma, Thailand, the Malay States, and Sumatra. Gen. Sultansucceeded in command by Maj. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler, June 23,1945. HQ USF IBT moved to Calcutta, April 15, 1946. Abolished,effective May 31, 1946, by General Order 174, HQ USF IBT, May 23,1946.

Textual Records: Correspondence and reports relating toactivities of the Chinese Army in India, 1942-45. General records maintained by the Adjutant General Section, 1944-45, including central decimalcorrespondence, messages, and records concerning plans andoperations. Correspondence and daily intelligence summaries ofthe G-2 (Intelligence) Section, 1944-45. Correspondence, subjectfiles, and records of meetings of the G-4 (Logistics) Section,1944-45. Correspondence, issuances, and other records of thefollowing special staff organizations: Army Exchange Service,Chaplain, Chemical Warfare, Claims, Theater Claims, Engineer,Fiscal, Historical, Inspector General (Headquarters andHeadquarters Detachment), Judge Advocate General, Medical,Ordnance, Port of Debarkation, Postal, Provost Marshal, PublicRelations, Rest Camps, Signal, Special Services, andTransportation. General correspondence and staff section recordsof the Ledo Area Command, 1943-46. Correspondence and messages ofthe Detachment, U.S. Army in India, 1943-46.

493.7 Records of the U.S. Branch of Executive Headquarters
1946-47

History: Executive Headquarters established in Peiping (Peking),China, by order of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, January 11,1946, as a tripartite organization of the Chinese NationalistGovernment, the Chinese Communist Party, and the U.S. Government.Responsible for effecting a cease-fire between ChineseNationalist and Communist forces, as agreed upon, December 1945,by the Committee of Three, consisting of Gen. Chang Chun for theNationalists; Gen. Chou En-lai for the Communists; and Gen.George C. Marshall, special envoy of the President. Pursuant toan announcement, January 29, 1947, of U.S. Government's intent towithdraw from Committee of Three and Executive Headquarters, U.S.Branch of Executive Headquarters was abolished by U.S. Branchmemorandum CDR 902, February 6, 1947, with residual functionstransferred to Sino Liaison Office, established in PeipingHeadquarters Group by same memorandum.

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History War

Textual Records: Records of the U.S. Commissioner, 1946-47,including memorandums sent to and received from the ChineseNationalist and Communist commissioners; and memorandums sent tothe Chinese Nationalist and Communist branches. General recordsof the Director of Operations, 1946-47. Records of the U.S.Branch staff, 1946-47, consisting of a subject file of the Chiefof Staff; and correspondence, reports, and other records of theConflict Control, Communications, Army Reorganization, and PublicRelations Groups, and the Current Section. Subject file and otherrecords of the Advance Section, 1946-47. Records relating to theYenan Liaison Group, 1946-47.

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Timeline

History: See 493.4 for a history of predecessor HeadquartersU.S. Army Forces, China, Burma, and India. HQ USF IBT establishedin New Delhi by General Order 1, HQ USF IBT, October 27, 1944,under command of Lt. Gen. Daniel I. Sultan, appointed effectiveOctober 24, 1944. Responsible for U.S. forces in India, Ceylon,Burma, Thailand, the Malay States, and Sumatra. Gen. Sultansucceeded in command by Maj. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler, June 23,1945. HQ USF IBT moved to Calcutta, April 15, 1946. Abolished,effective May 31, 1946, by General Order 174, HQ USF IBT, May 23,1946.

Textual Records: Correspondence and reports relating toactivities of the Chinese Army in India, 1942-45. General records maintained by the Adjutant General Section, 1944-45, including central decimalcorrespondence, messages, and records concerning plans andoperations. Correspondence and daily intelligence summaries ofthe G-2 (Intelligence) Section, 1944-45. Correspondence, subjectfiles, and records of meetings of the G-4 (Logistics) Section,1944-45. Correspondence, issuances, and other records of thefollowing special staff organizations: Army Exchange Service,Chaplain, Chemical Warfare, Claims, Theater Claims, Engineer,Fiscal, Historical, Inspector General (Headquarters andHeadquarters Detachment), Judge Advocate General, Medical,Ordnance, Port of Debarkation, Postal, Provost Marshal, PublicRelations, Rest Camps, Signal, Special Services, andTransportation. General correspondence and staff section recordsof the Ledo Area Command, 1943-46. Correspondence and messages ofthe Detachment, U.S. Army in India, 1943-46.

493.7 Records of the U.S. Branch of Executive Headquarters
1946-47

History: Executive Headquarters established in Peiping (Peking),China, by order of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, January 11,1946, as a tripartite organization of the Chinese NationalistGovernment, the Chinese Communist Party, and the U.S. Government.Responsible for effecting a cease-fire between ChineseNationalist and Communist forces, as agreed upon, December 1945,by the Committee of Three, consisting of Gen. Chang Chun for theNationalists; Gen. Chou En-lai for the Communists; and Gen.George C. Marshall, special envoy of the President. Pursuant toan announcement, January 29, 1947, of U.S. Government's intent towithdraw from Committee of Three and Executive Headquarters, U.S.Branch of Executive Headquarters was abolished by U.S. Branchmemorandum CDR 902, February 6, 1947, with residual functionstransferred to Sino Liaison Office, established in PeipingHeadquarters Group by same memorandum.

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History War

Textual Records: Records of the U.S. Commissioner, 1946-47,including memorandums sent to and received from the ChineseNationalist and Communist commissioners; and memorandums sent tothe Chinese Nationalist and Communist branches. General recordsof the Director of Operations, 1946-47. Records of the U.S.Branch staff, 1946-47, consisting of a subject file of the Chiefof Staff; and correspondence, reports, and other records of theConflict Control, Communications, Army Reorganization, and PublicRelations Groups, and the Current Section. Subject file and otherrecords of the Advance Section, 1946-47. Records relating to theYenan Liaison Group, 1946-47.

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Timeline

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Historical

Related Records: 'Operations Report, the Executive Headquarters,Peiping China, 1946-47' (Section I: 'U.S. Branch, ExecutiveHeadquarters'; Section II: 'Peiping Headquarters Group'), 4vols., submitted April 2, 1947, in Operations and Plans Divisiondecimal correspondence, 1946-48, decimal 091 China, case 112, inRG 319, Records of the Army Staff.

493.8 Records of the Peiping Headquarters Group
1946-47

History: Established, effective January 11, 1946, by GeneralOrder 12, Headquarters U.S. Forces, China Theater (HQ USF CT),January 14, 1946, with mission to assist U.S. Branch of ExecutiveHeadquarters . Brig. Gen. Henry A. Byroade servedsimultaneously as Peiping Headquarters Group commanding generaland Executive Headquarters director of operations, January 11-June 6, 1946, as did his successor, Brig. Gen. T.S. Timberman,June 6, 1946-October 12, 1947. Following abolition of HQ USF CT,April 30, 1946, Peiping Headquarters Group assigned to newlyestablished Headquarters U.S. Army Forces in China (HQ USAFChina), May 1, 1946. Effective July 1, 1946, by HQ USAF Chinamessage CFBX 0346, June 28, 1946, received as CM-IN 6332, June29, 1946, HQ USAF China abolished, with Peiping HeadquartersGroup designated an independent command directly responsible toWar Department. All Peiping Headquarters Group organizationsexcept Peiping Depot abolished, effective April 8, 1947, byGeneral Order 49, HQ Peiping Headquarters Group, April 3, 1947,with Peiping Depot reassigned to Army Advisory Group, Nanking.

Unit 5: Modern India Mac's History Museum

Textual Records: General correspondence, 1946-47. Message files,1946-47. Records of the Historical Section, 1946-47, including asubject file, news bulletins, a history of ExecutiveHeadquarters, and diaries and histories of field teams. Generalrecords, 1946-47, of the Headquarters Detachment, Office of theSurgeon, Special Services Section, Transportation Section, andPeiping Depot.

Related Records: 'Operations Report, the Executive Headquarters,Peiping China, 1946-47' (Section I: 'U.S. Branch, ExecutiveHeadquarters'; Section II: 'Peiping Headquarters Group'), 4vols., submitted April 2, 1947; and 'Report of Inactivation,Peiping Headquarters Group, 5 February 1947-8 April 1947,'submitted April 5, 1947, in Operations and Plans Division decimalcorrespondence, 1946-48, decimal 091 China, case 112, in RG 319,Records of the Army Staff.

This Web version is updated from time to time to include records processed since 1995.